Bipolar Disorder2 Essay Example For Students

Bipolar Disorder2 Essay The word bipolar is defined as relating to, associated with, or occurring in two polar regions7. Bipolar disorder is a concept described as a mental illness in which a person experiences dramatic mood swings. This disorder affects one in every one hundred people. Bipolar disorder is the technical term for manic-depressive illness. The first known history of bipolar disorder was in 1922. Emil Kraepelin, director of the Research Institute of Psychiatry, developed the first categories of mental illnesses4. Manic-depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder) and dementia praecox (now called schizophrenia) are two categories he defined. What Are the Stages and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder? There are two recurring stages of bipolar disorder. Each stage is generally followed by a period of normalcy. The following section of the report will analyze the stages of bipolar episodes, and describe the symptoms of each. Mania. Symptoms include elated, expansive, or irritable mood, hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and excessive involvement in reckless activities (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). Rarest symptoms were periods of loss of all interest and retardation or As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) has demonstrated, bipolar disorder can create substantial developmental delays, marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters. This devastating disease causes disruptions of families, loss of jobs and millions of dollars in cost to society. Many times bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as the individual ages. Many times bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Speech patterns help distinguish between the two disorders (Lish, 1994). The onset of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. A typical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in their lifetime. However, those who have rapid cycling may experience more episodes of mania and depression that succeed each other without a The three stages of mania begin with hypomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive (Hirschfeld, 1995). The hypomania state has led observers to feel that bipolar patients are addicted to their mania. Hypomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by loss of judgment (Hirschfeld, 1995). Often, euphoric grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin to manifest. The third stage of mania is evident when the patient experiences delusions with often paranoid themes. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior manifests sometimes associated with violence (Hirschfeld, 1995). When both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time it is called a mixed episode. Those afflicted are a special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that makes them feel like they could jump out of their skin(Hirschfeld, 1995). Up to 50% of all patients with mania have a mixture of depressed moods. .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 , .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .postImageUrl , .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 , .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517:hover , .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517:visited , .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517:active { border:0!important; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517:active , .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517 .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u46e1c47f5a7f4697f4e54553db5d7517:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: May day and USA Essay Patients report feeling dysphoric, depressed, and unhappy; yet, they exhibit the energy associated with mania. Rapid cycling mania is another presentation of bipolar disorder. Mania may be present with four or more distinct episodes within a 12 month period. There is now evidence to suggest that sometimes rapid cycling may be a transient manifestation of the bipolar disorder. This form of the disease exhibits more episodes of mania and depression than bipolar. Lithium has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder since its introduction in the 1960s. It is main function is to stabilize the cycling characteristic of bipolar disorder. In four controlled studies by F. K. Goodwin .